Chorale Melody - Warum betrubst du dich. mein Herz

Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz
Melody & Text \| Use of the CM by Bach \| Use of the CM by other composers

Melody & Text: Zahn: 1689 \| EKG: -
Melody:
This chorale melody is found on undated broadsides that appeared around the middle of the 16^th century in Nürnberg. One of these is listed as coming from Nürnberg in 1561. The composer and/or text author is unknown. For many years it had been thought that Hans Sachs could have written both song and melody. The melody was noted on a manuscript from Crailsheim in 1565. A version of this melody in a major key was located on a manuscript from Dresden. This is considered older than the melody associated with the chorale text and appears to confirm a secular origin for this melody. Some of the sources from the end of the 16^th and the beginning of the 17^th century tend to appear as follows:

Hans Leo Haßler shows us the shape and form of the melody as printed in Nürnberg, 1608:

Samuel Scheidt’s use of the melody goes back to the Görlitz Hymnal of 1611, although his settings were composed in 1650:

Although not as old as the previous, Johann Pachelbel demonstrates what the melody was like at the end of the 17^th century at the time when Bach was just becoming acquainted with this melody:


Text: Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz
Poet unknown. The chorale text has a total of 14 verses of which Bach uses only 4 (1, 2, 3, and 11). The NBA KB I/22 p. 29 explains "Die seit Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts geläufige Zuweisung des Liedtextes an Hans Sachs ist nach Albert Friedrich Wilhelm Fischer ["Kirchenliederlexikon" Gotha, 1878-1879, reprint Hildesheim, 1976, pp. 321-324] wenig wahrscheinlich." ["According to Albert Friedrich Wilhelm Fischer, it is rather improbable that Hans Sachs was the author of this chorale text despite the common assertion since the middle of the 17^th century that he was."] Category of Text: Wider aller Welt Sorge [“Against All the Cares of the World”] Vom christlichen Leben und Wandel [“About the Christian Way of Life and Its Changes”]

Use of the Chorale Melody by Bach:
Text: Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz \| EKG: Author: Anon (Once thought to be Hans Sachs)
Ver	Work	Mvt.	Year	Br	RE	KE	Di	BC	Score		Music Examples
11	BWV 47	Mvt. 5	1726	94	333	94	-	F141:5	PDF		Mvt. 5 (CCARH) [midi] \| Mvt. 5 (MG) [midi] \| Mvt. 5 (Leusink) [ram]
1	BWV 138	Mvt. 1	1723	-	-	-	-	A132:1			Mvt. 1 (Leusink) [ram]
2	BWV 138	Mvt. 2	1723	-	-	-	-	A132:2			Mvt. 3 (Leusink) [ram]
3	BWV 138	Mvt. 6	1723	-	-	-	-	A132:6			Mvt. 7 (MG) [midi] \| Mvt. 7 (Leusink) [ram]
BWV 138: Older editions, including most older performing editions have treated the Bach's setting of the 2^nd verse of this chorale as a separate mvt. while the NBA has included it as part of mvt. 2 (bass recitative). This has artificially increased the total number of mvts. in cantata BWV 138 to 7 whereas it should have only 6 mvts. according to the NBA. Among the various recordings of this cantata, Rilling, Harnoncourt, Herreweghe, Leusink and Gardiner list 7 mvts. while only Suzuki and Koopman have 6. The confusion regarding this matter extends even to the most recent edition of the BWV Verzeichnis (1998) which, on the same page refers to the appearance of the chorale in mvts. 1, 3 and 7 at the top of the page, but when displaying in notation the musical incipits of each mvt. it displays only 6, which are the mvts. as given by the NBA.





Untexted:
Ver	Work	Mvt.	Year	Br	RE	KE	Di	BC	Score	Music Examples
-	BWV 420	-	?	145	331	145	-	F189:1	PDF	Chorale (MG) [midi]
-	BWV 421	-	?	-	332	300	90	F189:2	PDF	Chorale (MG) [midi]
-	BWV 421	Variant	?	299	332	300	-	F189:2
BWV 421: Breitkopf 299 is a later variant with changes made by either Johann Philipp Kirnberger or C.P.E. Bach.




Use of the Chorale Melody by other composers:
Hans Leo Haßler (1564-1612): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, 4-pt. Setting (Nürnberg, 1608). See: Score
Johann Hermann Schein (1586-1630): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, SST, bc. (1626) Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, SATB bc. (1627)
Samuel Scheidt (1587-1654): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz 3 different 4-pt. settings (Görlitz, 1650). See: Score Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, (setting unknown) (1657) Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz for 8 voices (double choir) and bc. Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz Chorale setting for STB, bc. SSWV 198
Johannes Jeep (1582-1644): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz for 4 voices in L. Erhard(i), Harmonisches Chor- vnd Figural Gesangbuch (Frankfurt am Main, 1659)
Johann Christoph Bach (1642-1703): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, Chorale Prelude for Organ
Johann Michael Bach (1648-1694): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, Chorale for organ
Johann Pachelbel (1653-1706): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, 2 Chorale Preludes for Organ, T. 64, T. 65. See: Score
Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow (1663-1712): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz Chorale Prelude for Organ
Georg Friedrich Kauffmann (1679-1735): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz Chorale Prelude for Organ (Leipzig, 1733)
Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767): Warum betrübst du dich mein Herz (Neumeister), Cantata for ob, str, bc, 1:1500 (doubtful and misattributed work) Mein Herz, warum betrübst du dich (?Rambach), hn, vn, va, bc, 1:1117 (the unique arrangement of the words might indicate that this is not a cantata necessarily based upon the chorale or its melody)
Johann Ludwig Krebs (1713-1780): Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, Chorale Prelude for Organ
George Rochberg (1918-2005): Cantio Sacra Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, transcription for small orchestra (after Samuel Scheidt) (1953)

Sources: NBA, vols. III/2.1 & 2.2 in particular [Bärenreiter, 1954 to present] and the BWV ("Bach Werke Verzeichnis") [Breitkopf & Härtel, 1998] The PDF files of the Chorales were contributed by Margaret Greentree J.S. Bach Chorales Software: Capella 2004 Software, version 5.1. Prepared by Thomas Braatz & Aryeh Oron (September 2005)

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Last update: ýApril 20, 2006 ý15:00:33